These are the words used in a hotel FF&E order from Turkey, as buyers, designers and factories use them. Each definition is short; the link goes to the page that explains it in full.
Scope and documents
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| FF&E (furniture, fixtures and equipment) | The movable and semi-fixed items that furnish a hotel: casegoods, beds, seating, lighting, soft furnishings and art. A hotel’s FF&E budget is separate from the building works. | hotel furniture from Turkey |
| OS&E (operating supplies and equipment) | The smaller items a hotel needs to operate: linen, towels, guest amenities, crockery, cutlery, minibar stock and housekeeping kit. It is usually bought on a separate package from the FF&E. | the room furniture package |
| FF&E package | One contract covering the FF&E of a project or a room type, from pricing through delivery and, outside the US, installation. | hotels |
| BOQ (bill of quantities) | The list of every item with its quantity, specification and unit, used to price a package line by line. | how an order runs |
| FF&E schedule | The designer’s itemised list of FF&E per room type and area, with codes, sizes, materials, finishes, fabrics and suppliers. | the FF&E procurement schedule |
| Design intent drawing | The designer’s drawing that shows what a piece should look like and its key sizes. The factory develops the shop drawing from it. | custom vs catalogue furniture |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| Shop drawing | The factory-side drawing of each piece, with every dimension, material, joint, hardware item and finish code, issued for the buyer’s approval before production. | how an order runs |
| Site survey | Measuring the built rooms (walls, openings, ceiling heights) so that joinery is drawn to real dimensions. | wardrobes and joinery |
| Mock-up room | One room, or one set of pieces, built and installed before the batch so the owner, designer and operator can approve fit, finish and function. | how an order runs |
| Brand standard | A hotel brand’s written requirements for rooms and furniture, including sizes, materials, tests and fire performance. | how to choose a manufacturer |
| PIP (property improvement plan) | The list of works a hotel brand requires to bring a property up to its current standard, typically at a franchise renewal or change of ownership. | hotels |
| Soft refurb | A refurbishment that replaces FF&E, fabrics and finishes without changing the room’s layout, bathrooms or services. | Ireland (a dated example of rooms returning to tourism) |
| Attic stock | Spare pieces and materials ordered with the package and stored by the hotel for later repairs, such as extra fabric, spare drawer fronts and edge banding. | the FF&E procurement schedule |
| Snag list | The list of defects found at handover, closed before sign-off. | how an order runs |
| Purchasing agent | A firm that buys FF&E on the owner’s behalf from many suppliers, for a fee. | factory, contractor or purchasing agent |
Products and materials
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| Casegoods | The hard furniture of a room made from board and wood: nightstands, desks, dressers, TV units, minibar cabinets and luggage racks. | guestroom casegoods |
| Millwork / joinery | Fixed, built-in woodwork such as wardrobes, wall panelling, vanities, doors and counters. “Millwork” is the US term; “joinery” is used in the UK and the Gulf. | wardrobes and joinery |
| Loose furniture | FF&E that is not fixed to the building: chairs, sofas, tables, beds. | the room furniture package |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| Contract grade | Furniture built and tested for commercial use, where it gets more use and abuse than at home. | upholstery |
| Veneer | A thin slice of real wood glued to a board core and lacquered. | veneer vs laminate vs solid wood |
| HPL (high-pressure laminate) | Layers of resin-soaked paper pressed at high pressure into a hard sheet, glued to a core; the hardest-wearing common face for tops. | veneer vs laminate vs solid wood |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| LPL / melamine | Resin-soaked decor paper fused directly onto board at low pressure; used for carcasses, interiors and backs. | veneer vs laminate vs solid wood |
| Edge banding | The strip that covers the cut edge of a board: solid wood, veneer, PVC or ABS. | guestroom casegoods |
Tests and standards
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| Martindale | A fabric abrasion test that rubs the fabric in a figure-of-eight under pressure and counts cycles. ACT’s guideline is 40,000 cycles for high-traffic public spaces. | upholstery |
| Wyzenbeek | A fabric abrasion test (ASTM D4157) that rubs cotton duck back and forth and counts double rubs. ACT’s guideline is 30,000 double rubs for high-traffic public spaces; it does not convert to Martindale. | upholstery |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| CAL TB 117-2013 | California’s smoulder test for upholstered furniture, adopted nationally in the US as 16 CFR Part 1640, with a permanent label. | the United States |
| BS 7176 | The UK specification for the ignition resistance of contract upholstered seating, by hazard level; hotels are medium hazard. | the United Kingdom |
| BS 5852 | The UK test method behind BS 7176, including the crib 5 wooden-crib ignition source. | the United Kingdom |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| EN 1021-1 and EN 1021-2 | European tests for the ignitability of upholstered furniture, by smouldering cigarette (part 1) and match-flame equivalent (part 2). | upholstery |
| EN 13501-1 (Euroclass) | The European reaction-to-fire classes for construction products, A1 to F, with smoke (s1–s3) and droplet (d0–d2) ratings; used for wall panelling. | wardrobes and joinery |
| E1 / E0 | Formaldehyde classes for wood-based boards. E1 is the European class of 0.1 ppm by the EN 717-1 chamber test; E0 is not a European class and comes from other systems such as China’s GB/T 39600. From 6 August 2026 the EU limit for furniture is 0.062 mg/m³. | veneer vs laminate vs solid wood |
| CARB P2 / TSCA Title VI | The formaldehyde limits for composite wood in California (CARB Phase 2) and across the US (TSCA Title VI, the same limits); finished goods are labelled TSCA Title VI compliant. | the United States |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| AQL (acceptance quality limit) | The sampling level used to decide whether a batch passes inspection, set out in ISO 2859-1. | how to choose a manufacturer |
Trade and shipping
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| Incoterms | The ICC’s rules that split costs, risk and tasks between seller and buyer in a delivery, such as EXW, FCA, FOB, CIF, DAP and DDP; the current set is Incoterms 2020. | Incoterms (hotel FF&E) |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| A.TR | The movement certificate that shows goods are in free circulation under the EU–Türkiye Customs Union, so industrial goods such as furniture enter the EU without customs duty. | Germany |
| EUR.1 | A movement certificate that proves preferential origin under a free trade agreement. | shipping from Turkey |
| Term | Definition | Full page |
|---|---|---|
| Certificate of origin | A chamber of commerce document stating where goods were made, used where no preference applies, for example in the Gulf. | Qatar |
| ISPM 15 | The international standard for wood packaging: solid-wood crates and pallets are treated and stamped with the IPPC mark; plywood-only crates are exempt. | shipping from Turkey |
| Importer of record | The party that clears goods into the destination country and owes the duty and import tax. | shipping from Turkey |
| Section 301 duty | An extra US duty, collected by CBP on products of Türkiye at 12.5% since 24 July 2026, on top of the base rate. | Turkey vs Vietnam |
What to send us
If a term in your BOQ or brand standard is not here, send the document. We read every line before a Turkish factory prices it, and we will tell you what it asks for.
- ICC: Incoterms 2020 · accessed 2026-10-04
- European Commission, Access2Markets: EU–Türkiye Customs Union (A.TR movement certificate) · accessed 2026-10-04
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Trade: Origin of goods (certificate of origin, EUR.1, A.TR) · accessed 2026-10-04
- IPPC: Explanatory document for ISPM 15 (regulation of wood packaging material) · accessed 2026-10-04
- Association for Contract Textiles: Voluntary Performance Guidelines, abrasion, woven fabrics, indoor (Feb 2025) · accessed 2026-10-04
- eCFR: 16 CFR Part 1640, flammability of upholstered furniture (adopts California TB 117-2013) · accessed 2026-10-04
- VisitBritain Pink Book: fire safety of furniture and furnishings (BS 7176, BS 5852, BS 7177) · accessed 2026-10-04
- CEN: EN 1021-2:2014 Ignitability of upholstered furniture, match flame equivalent (part 1: cigarette) · accessed 2026-10-04
- CEN: EN 13501-1:2018 Fire classification of construction products · accessed 2026-10-04
- SWISS KRONO: emission class E1 (0.1 ppm, EN 717-1 chamber test) · accessed 2026-10-04
- Code of China: GB/T 39600-2021 Formaldehyde emission grading for wood-based panels (E1, E0, ENF) · accessed 2026-10-04
- EUR-Lex: Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1464 (0.062 mg/m³ from 6 Aug 2026) · accessed 2026-10-04
- California Air Resources Board: Composite Wood Products Program · accessed 2026-10-04
- US EPA: Formaldehyde emission standards for composite wood products (TSCA Title VI) · accessed 2026-10-04
- Wilsonart Technical Services: HPDL vs LPL bulletin (pressing pressure; wear values), 2010 · accessed 2026-10-04
- ISO 2859-1:1999 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes, part 1: sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL)
- CBP CSMS #69326983: Section 301 forced labor import duties (Türkiye 12.5% from 24 Jul 2026) · accessed 2026-10-04
- US CBP: Importing into the United States, a guide for commercial importers (importer of record) · accessed 2026-10-04